According to the purpose, industrial equipment lubricants can be divided into general industrial lubricants, special oils and special oils. Ordinary industrial lubricants are used for machinery that has no special requirements, low operating temperature and load, and relatively mild working conditions. Such as machine tool transmission machinery, textile machinery, construction-roads, lifting, transportation, metallurgy, mining machinery and other industrial equipment. Special lubricants are used to lubricate individual components. Special lubricants are used to lubricate industrial machinery, metal processing machine tools and other special equipment. Such as high-speed machinery, industrial equipment hydraulic systems, gear transmissions, metal cutting machine tool guides, steel rolling machines, steam turbines, compressors, etc. In addition, there are electrical insulating oils, cylinder oils, vacuum oils and drilling rig oils. 1. Oil for high-speed machinery For example, a high-speed machine tool spindle with rolling and sliding bearings, the higher the spindle speed, the lower the viscosity of the oil required. When the load is low, the high-speed spindle is in hydrodynamic lubrication and boundary friction may occur. At this time, in order to reduce friction and wear, you can Use surfactant-type friction reducers and anti-wear additives. It is best not to use chemically active additives because they may increase corrosive wear.
2. Hydraulic oil Hydraulic oils used in industry can be divided into five groups. (1) The properties of mineral oil without additives are close to ordinary industrial lubricants. Such as using the lubricating oil of a hydraulic jack. (2) Lubricating oil containing anti-corrosion and anti-oxidant. The oil also contains Anti-foaming Agent, which has a wide range of uses, but is limited to hydraulic transmission. The anti-wear performance is not high. (3) Hydraulic oils containing anti-corrosion, anti-oxidation and anti-wear additives are widely used in hydraulic systems for equipment. (4) In addition to the same additives as the previous group of oils, the hydraulic oils with excellent viscosity-temperature performance also have tackifiers, which are used in the hydraulic system of program-controlled precision machine tools. (5) The composition of the lubricating oil used in hydraulic systems and machine-made guide rails is similar to that of the third group, and friction additives that can stabilize the friction performance are added. Used in the hydraulic system of the automatic production line of metal cutting machine tools and other high-pressure equipment, and can also be used as a general oil for hydraulic systems and guide rails. 3. Gear transmission oil The gear transmission used in industry can be divided into two types: gears and spiral bevel gears. The former is driven by He Zhu and conical gears. The pitch circles of the conjugate gear pairs roll against each other during rotation without sliding, and the contact ends do not produce rolling friction. The worm gear, spiral bevel gear and hyperbolic gear transmission belong to the gear spiral transmission. The pitch circles of these transmission teeth not only roll and press each other, but also roll each other, thereby generating complex spiral motion. Therefore, this kind of transmission is more prone to wear and seizure. 4. Guide rail oil for metal cutting machine tools The brake and clutch oil prevents the support, workbench, beam, certain types of punch clutches and other devices from creeping when moving at low speeds, and can also be used as hydraulic transmission oil or gear transmission oil. 5. Turbine oil (turbine oil) The main function of turbine oil is to lubricate and cool the bearings of various turbine units (steam, hydraulic and gas turbines, turbo pumps, turbo compressors, turbo exhaust fans, generators). It should be guaranteed for long-term use. The main performance requirements common to various steam turbine oils are good oxidation stability, demulsification ability, protection and low foaming at 60-100oC and higher temperatures, and the low flash point drop should not exceed 10oC. The oil should be transparent, free of moisture and sediment, and the water extract should be neutral. The change of the physical and chemical indicators exceeds the allowable range of the regulations, and it is necessary to change to new oil or regenerate. 6. Compressor oil Used for lubricating compressor parts (cars, valves), and used as a sealing medium for the compression chamber. The oil in the compressor cylinder should form a stable oil film, seal the gap between the friction surfaces (cylinder piston ring), and have sufficient fluidity to prevent dry friction and excessive blow-by. In addition, it is not necessary to have good thermal and chemical stability. 7. Electrical insulating oil Electrical insulating oil is a liquid dielectric, which can ensure the insulation of live parts of electrical equipment (transformers, capacitors, cables, etc.) and take away heat during operation, and can quickly extinguish the arc at the electrical switch. Transformer oil, capacitor oil, capacitor oil and cable oil belong to this type of oil. The most important performance of transformer oil is oxidation resistance and stability, because it needs to be used continuously for a long time in the transformer. The electric capacity of a transformer can reach dozens of tons, and oil changes often cause great losses. The aging of the oil causes the deterioration of the insulation performance of the oil, and the products of the aging process adhere to the working surface of the equipment, destroying the insulation effect. Therefore, the antioxidant performance of the Base Oil is very demanding. 8. Cylinder oil Its main function is to lubricate the high temperature parts of steam engines (ships, stationary machines, steam hammers, pile drivers, etc.). Cylinder oil should be able to be evenly distributed on the friction surface without forming carbon deposits, so the oil is required to have good oxygen resistance at high temperatures. These properties of oil are related to its chemical composition, type of raw material and processing method. The oil should not corrode the metal surface. Cylinder oil is divided into two types: saturated steam cylinder and superheated steam cylinder oil. The operating conditions of the saturated steam cylinder are relatively mild, usually the steam pressure is below 16×105N/m2, and the temperature is below 200. The main performance requirement of this type of lubricating oil is that it is not easily washed away by wet steam and condensed water. 9. Vacuum oil Used as the working fluid of the vacuum pump. Its characteristics are narrow distillate, low volatility, and good antioxidant performance. The refined lubricating oil can be vacuum distilled to obtain vacuum pump oil. According to requirements, it can produce oil with low saturated vapor pressure at normal temperature. 10. Textile machine oil Textile machine oil has two characteristics: First, it has good adhesion to prevent oil leakage when the machine is not properly sealed, while minimizing splashing (because the spilled oil will fall on the cotton yarn and fabric); , Easy to be washed off. 11. Oil for pneumatic tools The drilling machine is used under high pressure (up to 5×107N/m2), high temperature (up to 400°C), and high sliding speed (up to 7m/s), and the load is often changed and intermittent work. Under the pressure of (5-7)×105N/m2, the oil is constantly in contact with the humid compressed air. For the lubricating oil to work effectively for a long time under this condition, it needs to have the best viscosity and good lubricity (anti-wear , Anti-scratch, anti-friction), adhesion, corrosion resistance, good anti-emulsification ability and good thermal oxidation stability. In addition, it is required to be non-toxic and non-odor.
