Influence of high and low temperature environment on hydraulic oil

March 01, 2024

Influence of high and low temperature environment on hydraulic oil

Hydraulic oil plays a role in the hydraulic system such as energy transfer, anti-wear, system lubrication, anti-corrosion, anti-rust, cooling and so on. For hydraulic oil, first of all, the hydraulic device should meet the requirements of liquid viscosity at the operating temperature and starting temperature, each hydraulic oil has a certain range of use, too high or too low temperature has adverse effects on hydraulic oil, so what is the impact of high and low temperature environment on hydraulic oil?

1. The influence of low temperature on hydraulic oil

(1) Low temperature makes the viscosity of hydraulic oil larger. The viscosity is too high, the self-priming capacity of the oil pump decreases, the pressure loss of the hydraulic system increases, and the power loss increases. It is generally believed that when the viscosity is ≥1000mm2/s, the hydraulic system can not work normally, and when the viscosity is ≥2000mm2/ s, the hydraulic system can not start normally.

(2) Low temperature makes the water in the hydraulic oil solidified, and the solidified water adheres to the surface of the hydraulic valve parts and oil filters, etc., which may lead to the hydraulic valve stuck and the oil filter blocked, so that the hydraulic system can not work normally.

(3) Low temperature causes the rubber sealing material in the hydraulic system to shrink and harden, etc., reducing the sealing performance and even leading to seal failure.

(4) Low temperature causes the hydraulic oil itself to shrink, especially the hydraulic oil in the closed chamber to shrink, causing the pressure to drop or even produce negative pressure.

2. The influence of high temperature on hydraulic oil

(1) High temperature makes the viscosity of hydraulic oil smaller, the viscosity is too low, the leakage of hydraulic system increases, the efficiency decreases, and even the hydraulic system can not work normally.

(2) High temperature intensifies the oxidation of hydraulic oil, and some ketones, acids, colloids, asphaltenes and other substances are gradually generated in hydraulic oil, polluting hydraulic oil and shortening the service life of hydraulic oil. When the hydraulic oil is oxidized to a certain extent, the hydraulic oil fails and cannot be used.

(3) High temperature causes the lubrication film formed on the metal surface of the friction part to decompose by chemical action, and the lubrication film is destroyed.

(4) High temperature often causes the corrosion of steel and other non-ferrous metals in hydraulic oil to intensify, causing surface damage to parts, and producing corrosion.

(5) High temperature is more likely to produce bubbles, bubbles damage the lubricating oil film, sintering or increase wear on the friction surface, and accelerate the oxidation and deterioration of hydraulic oil, affecting the accuracy and sensitivity of hydraulic components, and can not meet the requirements of the use of hydraulic systems in serious cases.

(6) High temperature makes the performance of the rubber seals in the hydraulic system worse, which can make the rubber swell and soften, accelerate the aging of the rubber, and even seal failure.

(7) High temperature makes the hydraulic oil volume expand, so that the hydraulic oil pressure closed in the chamber rises, causing danger.

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