Automotive lubricant basics, 5 minutes to take you "literacy"!

February 27, 2024

Automotive lubricant basics, 5 minutes to take you "literacy"!

The use and function of lubricating oil is very important, do not think that oil change is just a daily maintenance to ignore it, and in turn think why you should change the oil regularly, which is enough to show the importance of lubricating oil to the lubrication system and engine protection! Below, let's take a look at the composition of the lubrication system and the working principle of lubricating oil.

The composition structure of the lubrication system

The engine lubrication system is mainly composed of oil pan, oil pump, oil filter, oil gauge, oil pressure valve and oil passage in the engine body. Specific functions are as follows:

1) Oil pan - used to store engine oil, but also can play a certain role in heat dissipation.

2) Oil pump - its main function is to extract the oil from the oil pan and pressurize it to the surface of the engine oil pipelines and parts to lubricate and maintain the circulation of lubricating oil. The oil pump is generally installed in the oil pan, driven by the timing belt, chain or gear.

3) Oil pump suction pipe and filter screen - is the first channel of oil into the lubrication system, generally soaked in the bottom of the oil pan, suction oil through the oil pump pressurized to the surface of each component.

4) Oil filter - to filter the impurities in the oil, sludge, small iron filings and water to ensure that the oil duct is clean and clean.

5) Pressure limiting valve - installed next to the oil filter base, the main function is to open the bypass valve when the oil filter is blocked to let the lubricating oil directly into the main oil channel to prevent the pressure of the oil pump is too large, and ensure the lubrication effect of the main oil channel when the lubrication pressure of the main oil channel is too low to prevent damage to the parts to be lubricated.

6) The main oil passage, an important part of the lubrication system, is cast directly on the cylinder block and cylinder head to ensure that the engine system transmits lubricating oil.

How the lubrication system works

Lubricating oil is stored in the oil pan, when the engine is operating, with a motor oil pump, the oil is extracted from the oil pan, through the oil filter, and then through the oil pipe to the parts that need lubrication, such as crankshaft, camshaft, rocker arm, etc. Finally, the oil flows back into the pool. It flows back and forth and keeps working.

Function of lubricating oil:

1) Lubrication - Establish an oil film on the surface of the parts to lubricate the friction surface of the moving parts, reduce friction resistance and wear, and reduce the power consumption of the engine.

2) Cooling - The circulating oil can also take away the heat generated by friction and play a cooling role.

3) Cleaning - bring the trace metal chips and carbide sludge generated by the parts to the oil pan, so that it will not remain between the moving parts, forming grinding wear; It can also take away the products of incomplete combustion of fuel and lubricating oil decay, such as sludge, soot, gum, so that it will not remain on the surface of the machine to form paint film and carbon accumulation.

4) Sealing - the oil film formed by the lubricating oil between the piston ring and the cylinder wall can play a certain sealing role to prevent air leakage or oil leakage.

5) Anti-rust and anti-corrosion - can form a protective film on the surface of the metal to prevent the invasion of acid and harmful substances to prevent corrosion and rust.

6) Shock absorption buffer - the oil film is formed on the surface of the moving parts to absorb shock and reduce vibration, and play a damping buffer role.

Lubrication system maintenance precautions:

1, refer to the user manual, choose the appropriate oil. Try to avoid using fake products. At the same time, pay attention to the use of oil suitable for low temperature environmental standards in cold areas.

2. Pay attention to the warning of the oil lamp, and check it immediately if there is a warning.

3, regular oil change, do not think that early, late is not a big problem, a drag is ten days and a half month, or one thousand or two thousand kilometers. In hot summer, dry and dusty areas, shorten the oil change mileage, often continuous low speed or continuous high-speed full load driving, also shorten the oil change mileage. After each oil replacement, the engine should be operated for a short time without load to ensure that the lubricating oil enters the lubrication parts.

4. Replace the filter regularly, don't save money, and don't be stingy when you replace it.

5, pay attention to the oil level, check the oil gauge once a week is not troublesome, the key is to develop good habits.

6. Understand the working principle of the system and operate strictly according to the operating procedures.

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