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2023-09-29
Deep hole processing is divided into six types: deep hole drilling, deep hole gun drilling, deep hole boring, deep hole drilling, deep hole honing, scraping and rolling machine tool processing, and more! Of course, the cutting oil used is also different.
6. The nozzle of the coolant should face inward towards the hole to facilitate the coolant entering the cutting area.
Deep hole drilling can be divided into two types: external chip removal and internal chip removal:
For smaller diameters, external chip removal is used, as the drill pipe is too small to remove chips. The drill rod with a larger diameter has sufficient space for chip removal, and high-pressure oil is pressed between the hole wall and the drill rod to remove chips and heat from the rod. The drill bit is specially made of hard alloy, which is divided into two parts: the guide and the chip blade. The chip blade is ground into a trapezoidal shape to separate chips. The height and width of the chip groove depend on the material and feed rate of the workpiece to ensure that the chip shape is tight and small, preferably in the shape of a C-shaped or tile.
In the process of deep hole drilling, it is difficult to remove chips during drilling and it is not easy to emit cutting heat, which often leads to blade annealing and affects the service life and processing efficiency of the drill bit. Poor heat dissipation conditions can generate a large amount of cutting heat, and the direction of chip discharge is opposite to the feed direction of the drill bit. Cutting fluid needs to penetrate into the edge of the drill bit to lubricate, cool, and assist in chip removal. Cutting fluid should first have good permeability, and the supply method, flow rate, and pressure should also meet the requirements.
Solving the selection of cutting oil for deep hole drilling
Although deep hole drilling is a cutting process, it is different from traditional cutting. In practice, it has been found that traditional cutting involves multiple cutting tools working simultaneously, resulting in different torques for each process. In the early stage of deep hole drilling, as soon as the drill bit comes into contact with the workpiece, the pressure reaches around 2000N, and the temperature instantly increases. It is required that the selected oil has low viscosity, good permeability, good cooling ability, and smooth chip removal; At the end of processing, the pressure is about 4000N. If the extreme pressure value (PD) of the selected oil is lower than 4000N or if the release speed of the extreme pressure agent in the oil is slow, then smoking and fast wear of the drill bit are inevitable.
Generally, a 1:100 emulsion or extreme pressure emulsion is selected; When high machining accuracy and surface quality or toughness materials are required, extreme pressure emulsions or high concentration extreme pressure emulsions are selected. The kinematic viscosity of the cutting oil is usually 10-20cm2/s (40 ℃), and the cutting oil flow rate is 15-18m/s; Select cutting oil with low viscosity when the machining diameter is small; For deep hole machining that requires high precision, a cutting oil ratio of 40% extreme pressure vulcanized oil, 40% kerosene, and 20% chlorinated paraffin can be selected.
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