The development of cutting fluid is basically a type of fine chemical product that was born and developed with the development of metal processing tools (ie machine tools) and processing technology. Its main function is to cool the workpiece and tools during the machining process. To prevent rust of workpieces and machine tools, rinse metal chips and other impurities. In the 1950s and 1960s, China was basically a manual rocker type machine tool, with low processing efficiency, low difficulty and poor precision. The quality of its products mainly depended on the technical level and experience of the workers. The requirements are very low. Generally, the factory has special personnel to prepare some low-grade cutting fluids with some chemical raw materials such as nitrite and alcohol amine. This type of cutting fluid is mainly used for cooling and rust prevention. For products processed under high lubrication conditions, people generally use saponified oil to solve the problem, which basically met the production requirements at that time. With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, by the early 1980s, China had made great progress in the field of machining, and introduced a large number of advanced production technologies and equipment from abroad, the most important of which was the introduction of CNC machine tools. On the one hand, the use of CNC machine tools not only speeds up the production speed, but also ensures the reliability and consistency of product quality. However, the rapid processing state of CNC machine tools cannot meet the processing requirements for ordinary traditional original cutting fluids, such as high-speed operation. The cutting speed of the cutting tool is greatly improved, which requires the improvement of the cooling efficiency and lubrication efficiency of the cutting fluid; the increase of the nozzle pressure of the machine tool requires the cutting fluid to have better anti-foaming and strong filtering effect; The built-in tank body makes the cutting fluid have a strong antibacterial effect under the condition of shielding from light and oxygen; in addition, the cutting fluid also has certain environmental protection and biological safety, and does not cause irritation and allergic reactions to the human body. During this period, China's cutting fluid gradually entered a stage of rapid development. Foreign high-end products are also gradually entering the Chinese market.
At this stage, China's scientific and technological level is generally very low, and the initial stage of machined products mainly meets the needs of the domestic market. In the mid-to-late 1990s, Chinese machined products gradually entered the international market, but at this time our products were still mainly processed by rough ore. The quality requirements of manufacturers for cutting fluids are also basically kept at a low-end level, mainly considering the price. With the continuation of China's reform and opening up process in the past two decades, China's production capacity in the field of metal machining has been significantly overcapacity, which has forced many domestic manufacturers to enter the field of international high-end products, and the entire industry is facing a state of either upgrading or elimination. Therefore, some domestic manufacturers with strong strength and certain technical strength take the lead in industrial upgrading, eliminating old equipment and introducing the most cutting-edge machine tools in the world, such as Japanese Mazak machine tools. The main features of this type of machine tool are high machining accuracy, fast machining speed, and the pressure of the machine tool nozzle is very large, some of which are under the pressure of 20 to 30 kilograms, so that the cutting fluid must have stronger lubricating ability, extreme pressure and anti-wear ability than before. Anti-foaming ability, in addition, the waste liquid of cutting fluid working fluid should be easy to recycle.
Cutting fluid development trend Based on the analysis of the current status of metal processing, the focus of future cutting fluid research and development is to develop towards a single or several special functions on the basis of ensuring the improvement of basic indicators, so as to meet the specific requirements of metal machining. In terms of anti-rust function, special attention should be paid to the anti-rust effect of metal workpieces under high temperature and high humidity conditions (due to the intensification of the greenhouse effect in recent years, the phenomenon of high temperature and high humidity in southern China has also become intensified in summer), and the direction of solution should be Emphasis is placed on solving the water-resistant effect of the anti-rust film formed by the cutting fluid on the metal processing surface. There are two main solutions. One is to make the crystals of the passivated anti-rust film on the surface more dense and have a very low Solubility product constant, so as to better prevent the infiltration of water, so as to block the galvanic reaction on the metal surface; in addition, for emulsified cutting fluid, part of its anti-rust effect comes from the cathodic protection of emulsified oil, so for all The resistance to secondary water solubility of the protective film will be a crucial need to be addressed. In terms of lubrication and extreme pressure functions, traditional micro-emulsion and full-emulsion cutting fluids can basically meet the requirements of modern machine tools, but because they are difficult to control corruption and deterioration, and because the viscosity of the working fluid tends to gradually increase during use However, people are more willing to find a Fully Synthetic Cutting Fluid with high lubrication and high extreme pressure, which makes filtration difficult. This is actually one of the most advanced topics in the research and development field of cutting fluids. In general, the lower lubricating efficiency and higher price make this type of product basically unsatisfactory, and it is necessary to find another way to combine with more powerful monomer materials. In terms of environmental protection, with the implementation of the country's mandatory zero-discharge requirements for industrial wastewater, the operability and ease of cyclic treatment of cutting fluid working fluid wastewater have become a real problem before us. Therefore, cutting fluid manufacturers This problem must be considered when developing products. It should be said that the use of anions is easier to post-process than non-ions, so the development of multifunctional and powerful anionic surfactants is extremely important. In addition, in recent years, people's requirements for cutting fluids have become higher and higher in terms of low toxicity, low human irritation and low odor. In the understanding of the toxicity of cutting fluids, many people have a wrong concept, thinking that the greater the odor, the greater the toxicity. In fact, there is no absolute necessary connection between the two, but the more obvious irritating odor will at least bring people. It is uncomfortable and unpleasant, so it also needs to be paid attention to. The development of a good cutting fluid also requires the supply of monomer raw materials with excellent performance. In recent years, although many monomer raw materials have been continuously developed, most of them are just simple modification of the molecular structure of traditional raw materials or better purification of products. Few of traditional raw materials are molecularly modified. The revolutionary improvement in structure has also greatly hindered the research and development of new cutting fluids. In the future, one of the improvement directions of cutting fluid raw materials will be artificial chemical modification of natural biomolecular materials, such as chemical grafting of natural hydrolyzed proteins. The obtained materials are not only safer and environmentally friendly, but also often endow cutting fluids with strong physical and chemical properties. chemical indicators.
