1. Classification of cutting fluids The water-based cutting fluid can be divided into emulsion, Semi Synthetic Cutting Fluid and Fully Synthetic Cutting Fluid. The classification of emulsion, semi synthetic and fully synthetic usually depends on the type of Base Oil in the product: emulsion is a water-soluble cutting fluid that only uses mineral oil as base oil; Semi synthetic cutting fluid is a water-soluble cutting fluid containing both mineral oil and chemical Synthetic Base Oil; Fully synthetic cutting fluid is a water-soluble cutting fluid that only uses chemically synthesized base oil (i.e., it does not contain mineral oil). Each type of cutting fluid will contain various additives except base oil: rust inhibitor, nonferrous metal corrosion passivator, defoamer, etc. Some manufacturers will classify micro lotion; It is generally considered as a category between emulsion and semi synthetic cutting fluid. The diluent of emulsion is milky white in appearance; The diluent of semi synthetic solution is usually translucent, and some products are milky white; The diluent of synthetic solution is usually completely transparent, such as water or slightly colored.
2. Formula System Cutting fluid formula The main ingredients are ethylene glycol, sodium tetraborate, sodium metasilicate and sodium phosphate. Ethylene glycol: ethylene glycol is also known as "glycol" and "1,2-ethylene glycol", which is called EG for short. The chemical formula is (HOCH2) ✪, which is the simplest binary alcohol. Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless and sweet liquid, which is toxic to animals. The lethal dose to humans is about 1.6g/kg. Ethylene glycol can be mutually soluble with water and acetone, but its solubility in ether is small. Used as solvent, antifreeze and raw material of synthetic polyester. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a polymer of ethylene glycol, is a phase transfer catalyst and also used for cell fusion; Its nitrate is a kind of explosive. Sodium tetraborate: sodium tetraborate, or borax, with the molecular formula of Na2B4O7 · 10H2O, is a very important boron bearing mineral and boron compound. Usually a white powder containing colorless crystals, easily soluble in water. Borax is widely used as detergent, cosmetics, insecticide, buffer solution and other boron compounds. Borax usually refers to the decahydrate of sodium tetraborate, namely Na2B4O7.10H2O, but the commercially available borax is often partially weathered. Sodium metasilicate: sodium metasilicate is a low molecular crystal produced by the hydrothermal reaction of ordinary foamed alkali and caustic soda. The commodities include anhydrous, pentahydrate and nine hydrate, among which nine hydrate only exists in the domestic market. Because its melting point is only 42 ℃, it is easy to become liquid or paste during storage, and is being phased out gradually. However, due to the habits of some users and some fields that do not pay much attention to crystal water, sodium metasilicate nine hydrate still has a certain market. Sodium phosphate: sodium phosphate (chemical formula: Na3PO4) is a phosphate and an inorganic compound. Generally, sodium phosphate refers to sodium phosphate dodecahydrate (Na3PO4 · 12H2O). When sodium phosphate dodecahydrate is weathered in dry air and heated to 100 ° C, it will lose crystal water and become anhydrous. Emulsified cutting oil formula The main ingredients are: sodium petroleum sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, chlorinated paraffin, lead naphthenate, triethanolamine oleic acid soap, high-speed machine oil, sodium tall oleate, sodium petroleum acid, synthetic fatty acid, polyethylene glycol, industrial machine oil. Sodium petroleum sulfonate: other names: sodium alkyl sulfonate, T702 antirust agent, sodium petroleum sulfonate T702; Molecular formula: R-SO3Na (R=C14 ～ C18 alkyl); The structural formula is RSO3Na, wherein R is a straight chain aliphatic alkyl with an average of 14~18 carbon atoms; Solubility: It is soluble in water and becomes a translucent liquid, which is relatively stable to acid, alkali and hard water; Chlorinated paraffins: Chlorinated paraffins are chlorinated derivatives of paraffins. They have the advantages of low volatility, flame retardancy, good electrical insulation, low price, etc. They can be used as flame retardants and PVC auxiliary plasticizers. It is widely used in the production of cable materials, floor materials, hoses, artificial leather, rubber and other products. And additives applied to coatings, lubricating oils, etc. Lead naphthenate: prepared by double decomposition and replacement of sodium naphthenate and lead acetate. First, add water to raise the temperature of naphthenic acid to 90-100 ℃, then slowly add 30% sodium hydroxide solution for saponification until the solution is transparent to obtain sodium naphthenate, and then use lead acetate to double decompose and replace to obtain crude product, wash with water, heat and dehydrate to obtain finished lead naphthenate. Triethanolamine oleic acid soap: oleic acid soap has good cleaning ability for animal and vegetable oils, mineral oils, engine oils, paraffin wax, lubricating oils, etc., and has good antirust ability. The metal cutting fluid can be used as the cleaning part, and has good lubrication performance, corrosion resistance of ferrous metal, and good cooling and rust prevention functions. It is used as the cleaning agent for semi-finished metal processing products such as steel, iron, aluminum, alloy steel, low alloy steel, clock and watch elements, and has rust prevention effect. As an emulsifier in general industry, it has good emulsification performance for mineral oil, vegetable oil and wax scale. High speed machine oil: High speed machine oil is also called high speed spindle oil. A kind of light machine oil. Lubricants with low viscosity. It is obtained by refining petroleum distillate with sulfuric acid or solvent and adding antioxidant. It is required that the lubrication performance is good and the wear of mechanical parts is small; Good stability, not easy to deteriorate after long-term use; Light color, no pollution gauze. It is mainly used for the friction part of textile machinery with high speed and light load, such as the thrust bearing of spinning frame, twisting machine, woolen frame and knitting machine, and also for the lubrication of other machinery with high speed and low load and some automatic control instruments. The main quality indicators are viscosity, flash point, freezing point, etc. Synthetic fatty acids: Synthetic fatty acids are fatty acids made from petroleum products through chemical synthesis. It is used as a raw material for making soap. Its carbon number is 10~18, and the part with lower carbon number is used in other industries. The raw material for the synthesis of fatty acids by paraffin oxidation is C21~28 normal paraffin (commonly known as paraffin) with a distillation range of 350~420 ℃, and also normal paraffin with a distillation range of 320~450 ℃. Polyethylene glycol: non-toxic, non irritating, well water-soluble, and well miscible with many organic components. They have excellent lubricity, moisture retention, dispersibility, adhesives, antistatic agents and softeners, and are widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, chemical fibers, rubber, plastics, paper making, paint, electroplating, pesticides, metal processing and food processing industries. Formula of antirust extreme pressure emulsified oil The main ingredients are: chlorinated paraffin, sulfurized oleic acid, barium petroleum sulfonate, oleic acid, triethanolamine, and machine oil. Chlorinated paraffins: Chlorinated paraffins are chlorinated derivatives of paraffins. They have the advantages of low volatility, flame retardancy, good electrical insulation, low price, etc. They can be used as flame retardants and PVC auxiliary plasticizers. It is widely used in the production of cable materials, floor materials, hoses, artificial leather, rubber and other products. And additives applied to coatings, lubricating oils, etc. Add the measured liquid paraffin into the reactor, add sulfoxide chloride drop under stirring, and recover the excess sulfoxide chloride under normal pressure after refluxing for 5~7h. Wash and decompress with water and NaOH aqueous solution successively until the water content is less than 2%, and the discharged material is finished product. Barium petroleum sulfonate: Barium petroleum sulfonate is a Corrosion Inhibitor widely used in China at present. Generally, the dosage is 1-10% according to different use conditions. It has excellent moisture resistance, salt spray resistance, salt water resistance and water displacement performance, and has excellent rust resistance for a variety of metals. It is suitable for use as antirust agent in antirust grease, such as preparing replacement antirust oil, antirust oil between processes, sealing oil, lubricating antirust oil and antirust grease. The static corrosion test of barium petroleum sulfonate is good, and it has no corrosion effect on steel, brass, copper, aluminum alloy, zinc and other metals. Oleic acid: Oleic acid is a monounsaturated Omega-9 fatty acid, which exists in animals and plants. The chemical formula is C18H34O2 (or CH3 (CH2) 7CH=CH (CH2) 7COOH). The oleic acid is hydrogenated to obtain stearic acid. The double bond trans isomer of oleic acid is called trans oleic acid. It is used as chemical reagent, chromatographic contrast sample and biochemical research to verify calcium, ammonia, copper, and determine magnesium, sulfur, etc. Triethanolamine: refining method: the triethanolamine content of industrial products is more than 80%, and the rest contains less than 1.0% water, less than 2.5% ethanolamine, 15% diethanolamine, and a small amount of polyethylene glycol and other impurities. During refining, remove ethanolamine by steam distillation, add sodium hydroxide to make triethanolamine form alkali metal salt and precipitate, neutralize after separation, and then conduct vacuum distillation to obtain pure product. Machine oil: general quality lubricating oil obtained from petroleum lubricating oil distillate through dewaxing, solvent refining and clay treatment. Usually only antioxidant additives are added. Machine oil is divided into high speed machine oil and common machine oil, which are respectively used for the lubrication of textile machinery spindles, common machine tools and other general machinery.
