There are many metal processing methods, among which metal cutting is the most common and widely used one. According to the different requirements of workpiece shape, accuracy and surface quality, metal cutting can be divided into turning, milling, drilling, planing, boring, reaming, broaching, gear cutting, thread processing and grinding. This paper mainly describes the performance and selection of water-soluble metal cutting fluid in metal cutting fluid.
Main properties of water-soluble cutting fluid The main purposes of using water-soluble metal cutting fluid are: ① prolonging the service life of tools; ② Ensure and improve the machining dimensional accuracy of the workpiece; ③ Improve the surface finish of the workpiece; ④ Remove metal chips in time to ensure smooth cutting process; ⑤ Take away cutting heat in time, and rapidly and evenly cool tools and workpieces; ⑥ Prevent the machine tool and workpiece from corrosion and rust; ⑦ Improve cutting efficiency and reduce cost. In order to achieve the above purposes, the components of water-soluble metal cutting fluid include surfactant, Base Oil, oiliness agent, bactericide, etc., as well as the application characteristics of its mixing with water. The water-soluble metal cutting fluid must also have good anti foaming/defoaming, antibacterial properties, low toxicity/non-toxic, hard water adaptability and soft smell.
Selection of water-soluble metal cutting fluid To select metal cutting fluid, first of all, according to the process conditions and requirements of cutting, it is necessary to preliminarily determine whether to select pure oily metal cutting fluid or water-soluble metal cutting fluid. Then, according to the specific cutting conditions and requirements, according to the different characteristics of pure oil metal cutting fluid and water-soluble metal cutting fluid, and taking into account the different actual conditions of each factory, such as the ventilation conditions of the workshop, waste liquid treatment capacity and the use of cutting fluid in the previous and subsequent processes, the specific type of cutting fluid is selected. Secondly, after selecting the type of cutting fluid, the type of cutting fluid shall be preliminarily selected according to the cutting process, the material of the workpiece to be machined and the requirements for the machining accuracy and roughness of the workpiece. According to different workpiece materials, when selecting water-soluble metal cutting fluid, different cutting fluid products should be selected from different characteristics of different materials. For example, when cutting high hardness stainless steel, extreme pressure water-soluble metal cutting fluid with good extreme pressure performance should be selected according to its high hardness, high strength, difficult cutting and other characteristics to meet the extreme pressure lubrication performance requirements of cutting fluid during the cutting process; For materials such as aluminum alloy and copper alloy, due to their high toughness and high activity, when selecting water-soluble metal cutting fluid, it is more required that the cutting fluid has lubricity and cleanability. At the same time, it cannot corrode the workpiece. After the metal cutting fluid is selected, it is also necessary to comprehensively consider the stimulation/toxicity, service life, waste liquid treatment, etc. of the cutting fluid product to the human body, and finally select the correct type and concentration of the metal cutting fluid. With the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements in various countries, it is required that the waste liquid of water-soluble metal cutting fluid must be treated with waste liquid and meet the national and local discharge standards for three wastes before it can be discharged. Therefore, when selecting water-soluble metal cutting fluid, factories also include the difficulty of its waste liquid treatment in one of the selection standards. According to the use characteristics of water-soluble metal cutting fluid, it is inevitable that any water-soluble metal cutting fluid product will have some problems in the use process; Therefore, users usually take the supplier's after-sales technical services as a basis for selecting cutting fluid products. At the same time, since water-soluble metal cutting fluid usually contains surfactant, oiliness agent, mineral oil and a small amount of water, the storage period of water-soluble metal cutting fluid should not be too long; Therefore, in order to ensure the freshness of water-soluble metal cutting fluid products, the supplier's production capacity and supply cycle should also be considered when selecting water-soluble metal cutting fluid. In a word, water-soluble metal cutting fluid must be used in the metal cutting process to reduce the overall cost and improve the efficiency for our personal health and environmental protection; We must consider from many aspects, comprehensive analysis, select more suitable water-soluble metal cutting fluid products.
