Commonly used three categories of cutting fluids, product use and performance differences

April 05, 2024

Commonly used three categories of cutting fluids, product use and performance differences

Aqueous solution, emulsion and cutting oil are the three most commonly used cutting fluids

1, aqueous solution: aqueous solution is a cutting fluid with water as the main component. Water has good thermal conductivity and cooling effect, but simple water is easy to rust metal and poor lubrication performance. Therefore, a certain amount of additives are often added to the aqueous solution, such as anti-rust additives, surface active substances and oil additives, so that it has both good anti-rust properties and certain lubrication properties. In the preparation of aqueous solutions, special attention should be paid to the water quality, if it is hard water, it must be softened.

2, emulsion: emulsion is the emulsified oil with 95% to 98% of water dilution, milky or translucent liquid, with good cooling effect. But lubrication, rust resistance is poor. Usually add a certain amount of oil, extreme pressure additives and anti-rust additives to prepare extreme pressure emulsion or anti-rust emulsion.

3, cutting oil: the main component of cutting oil is mineral oil, and a few use animal oil or composite oil. Pure mineral oil can not form strong lubrication and rust prevention at the friction interface.

Selection of cutting fluid

1) When roughing, the selection of cutting fluid is rough, the processing allowance is large, the cutting amount is large, and a large amount of cutting heat is generated. When cutting with high-speed steel milling cutter, the main purpose of using cutting fluid is to reduce the cutting temperature and reduce the wear of the milling cutter. Carbide cutting tools have good heat resistance, generally do not use cutting fluid, it is necessary to use low concentration emulsion or aqueous solution. However, it must be continuously and fully poured to avoid the huge internal stress of the cemented carbide blade in a high temperature state and cracks.

2) The selection of cutting fluid when finishing finishing, the surface roughness value is required to be small, and the cutting fluid with better lubrication performance is generally selected, such as high concentration of emulsion or cutting oil containing extreme pressure additives.

3) According to the nature of the workpiece material, cutting fluid is used when cutting plastic materials. When cutting brittle materials such as cast iron and brass, cutting fluid is generally not used to avoid collapsing chips adhering to the moving parts of the machine tool. When processing high-strength steel, high-temperature alloy and other difficult materials, because the cutting process is in the extreme pressure lubrication friction state, cutting fluid containing extreme pressure additives should be selected. When cutting non-ferrous metals and copper and aluminum alloys, in order to obtain higher surface quality and accuracy, 10% to 20% emulsion, kerosene or a mixture of kerosene and mineral oil can be used. However, cutting fluid containing sulfur can not be used, because sulfur has a corrosive effect on non-ferrous metals. When cutting magnesium alloy, aqueous solution can not be used to avoid burning.

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