1. Classification of cutting fluids Water-based cutting fluid can be divided into emulsion, semi-synthetic cutting fluid and Fully Synthetic Cutting Fluid. The classification of emulsion, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic usually depends on the type of Base Oil in the product: emulsion is a water-soluble cutting fluid that only uses mineral oil as the base oil; Semi-synthetic cutting fluid is a water-soluble cutting fluid containing both mineral oil and chemically synthesized base oil; Fully synthetic cutting fluid is a water-soluble cutting fluid that only uses chemically Synthetic Base Oil (i.e., mineral oil). Each type of cutting fluid will contain various additives other than base oil: antirust agent, non-ferrous metal corrosion passivator, defoamer, etc. Some manufacturers will classify micro lotion; It is generally considered to be between emulsion and semi-synthetic cutting fluid. The diluent of the emulsion is milky white in appearance; The diluent of semi-synthetic solution is usually translucent, and some products are milky white; The diluent of the total synthetic solution is usually completely transparent, such as water or slightly colored.
2. Formula System Cutting fluid formula The main ingredients are: ethylene glycol, sodium tetraborate, sodium metasilicate and sodium phosphate. Ethylene glycol: ethylene glycol is also known as "glycol", "1,2-ethylene glycol", or EG for short. The chemical formula is (HOCH2) ₂, which is the simplest binary alcohol. Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet liquid and toxic to animals. The lethal dose of human is about 1.6g/kg. Ethylene glycol can be miscible with water and acetone, but its solubility in ether is small. Used as solvent, antifreeze and raw material for synthetic polyester. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a polymer of ethylene glycol, is a phase transfer catalyst and also used for cell fusion; Its nitrate is an explosive. Sodium tetraborate: sodium tetraborate, or borax, with the molecular formula of Na2B4O7 · 10H2O, is a very important boron-containing mineral and boron compound. It is usually a white powder containing colorless crystals, which is easily soluble in water. Borax has a wide range of uses, such as cleaning agents, cosmetics, pesticides, buffer solutions and other boron compounds. Borax often refers to the decahydrate of sodium tetraborate, namely Na2B4O7.10H2O, but the commercially available borax is often partially weathered. Sodium metasilicate: sodium metasilicate is a low-molecular crystal prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of ordinary foamed alkali and caustic soda. The products include anhydrous, pentahydrate and nine-hydrate, of which the nine-hydrate only exists in the market in China. Because its melting point is only 42 ℃, it is easy to change into liquid or paste when stored, and is being phased out. However, due to some user habits and some fields are not very concerned about crystal water, sodium metasilicate nine-hydrate still has a certain market. Sodium phosphate: Sodium phosphate (chemical formula: Na3PO4) is a phosphate and an inorganic compound. Generally, sodium phosphate refers to sodium phosphate dodecahydrate (Na3PO4 · 12H2O). When sodium phosphate dodecahydrate is weathered in dry air and heated to 100 ° C, it will lose crystalline water and become anhydrous. Emulsified cutting oil formula The main ingredients are: sodium petroleum sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether, chlorinated paraffin, lead naphthenate, triethanolamine oleic acid soap, high-speed machine oil, sodium talloleate, sodium petroleum acid, synthetic fatty acid, polyethylene glycol, industrial machine oil. Sodium petroleum sulfonate: alias: sodium alkyl sulfonate, T702 antirust agent, sodium petroleum sulfonate T702; Molecular formula: R-SO3Na (R=C14 ~ C18 alkyl); The structural formula is RSO3Na, wherein R is a straight-chain aliphatic alkyl with an average of 14~18 carbon atoms; Solubility: It is soluble in water and becomes a translucent liquid, which is relatively stable to acid, alkali and hard water; Chlorinated paraffins: Chlorinated paraffins are chlorinated derivatives of paraffins. They have the advantages of low volatility, flame retardancy, good electrical insulation and low price. They can be used as flame retardants and PVC auxiliary plasticizers. It is widely used in the production of cable material, floor material, hose, artificial leather, rubber and other products. And additives used in paints, lubricants, etc. Lead naphthenate: the preparation method is obtained by the double decomposition and replacement of sodium naphthenate and lead acetate. First, the naphthenic acid is heated to 90-100 ℃ by adding water, and then 30% sodium hydroxide solution is slowly added for saponification until the solution is transparent to obtain sodium naphthenate, and then lead acetate is decomposed and replaced to obtain the crude product, washed with water, heated and dehydrated to obtain the finished lead naphthenate. Triethanolamine oleic acid soap: oleic acid soap has good cleaning ability for animal and vegetable oil, mineral oil, engine oil, paraffin, lubricating oil, etc., and has good anti-rust ability. The metal cutting fluid can be used as cleaning part, and has good lubricating performance, corrosion resistance of ferrous metal, and good cooling and rust prevention functions. It is used as cleaning agent for semi-finished metal processing products such as steel, iron, aluminum, alloy steel, low alloy steel, clock elements, and has rust prevention effect. As an emulsifier in general industry, it has good emulsification performance for mineral oil, vegetable oil and wax scale. High-speed machine oil: High-speed machine oil is also called high-speed spindle oil. A kind of light machine oil. Lubricating oil with low viscosity. It is obtained by refining petroleum fractions with sulfuric acid or solvent and adding antioxidants. It is required to have good lubrication performance and little wear on mechanical parts; Good stability, not easy to deteriorate after long-term use; Light color, non-polluting gauze. It is mainly used for the friction parts of textile machinery with high speed and light load, such as the thrust bearing of spinning machine, twisting machine, roving machine and knitting machine, and also for the lubrication of other machinery with high speed and low load and some automatic control instruments. The main quality indicators are viscosity, flash point, freezing point, etc. Synthetic fatty acid: Synthetic fatty acid is a fatty acid prepared by chemical synthesis of petroleum products. It is used as raw material for making soap. Its carbon number is 10~18, and the lower part is used in other industries. The raw materials for the production of synthetic fatty acids by paraffin oxidation method are C21~28, normal alkanes (commonly known as paraffin) with a distillation range of 350~420 ℃, and normal alkanes with a distillation range of 320~450 ℃. Polyethylene glycol: non-toxic, non-irritating, has good water solubility, and has good compatibility with many organic components. They have excellent lubricity, moisture retention, dispersibility, adhesives, antistatic agents and softeners, and are widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, chemical fiber, rubber, plastics, paper, paint, electroplating, pesticides, metal processing, food processing and other industries. Anti-rust EP emulsified oil formula Main ingredients: chlorinated paraffin, sulfurized oleic acid, barium petroleum sulfonate, oleic acid, triethanolamine, and mechanical oil. Chlorinated paraffins: Chlorinated paraffins are chlorinated derivatives of paraffins. They have the advantages of low volatility, flame retardancy, good electrical insulation and low price. They can be used as flame retardants and PVC auxiliary plasticizers. It is widely used in the production of cable material, floor material, hose, artificial leather, rubber and other products. And additives used in paints, lubricants, etc. Add the measured liquid paraffin into the reactor, add the sulfoxide chloride dropwise under the stirring, reflux for 5~7h, and recover the excess sulfoxide chloride at atmospheric pressure. Wash and decompress water and NaOH aqueous solution in turn until the water content is less than 2%, and the discharge is finished product. Barium petroleum sulfonate: Barium petroleum sulfonate is a Corrosion Inhibitor widely used in China at present. According to different use conditions, the addition amount is generally 1-10%. It has excellent moisture resistance, salt spray resistance, salt water resistance and water displacement resistance, and has excellent anti-rust performance for a variety of metals. It is suitable for use as antirust agent in antirust grease, such as preparing replacement antirust oil, inter-process antirust oil, sealing oil, lubricating antirust dual-use oil and antirust grease. The static corrosion test of barium petroleum sulfonate is good and has no corrosion effect on steel, brass, copper, aluminum alloy, zinc and other metals. Oleic acid: Oleic acid is a monounsaturated Omega-9 fatty acid that exists in animals and plants. The chemical formula C18H34O2 (or CH3 (CH2) 7CH=CH (CH2) 7COOH). Stearic acid is obtained by hydrogenation of oleic acid. The double bond trans isomer of oleic acid is called trans oleic acid. As a chemical reagent, as a chromatographic reference sample and for biochemical research, verify calcium, ammonia, copper, and determine magnesium, sulfur, etc. Triethanolamine: refining method: the content of triethanolamine in industrial products is more than 80%, and the rest contains less than 1.0% water, less than 2.5% ethanolamine, 15% diethanolamine and a small amount of polyethylene glycol and other impurities. During refining, ethanolamine is removed by steam distillation, and sodium hydroxide is added to make triethanolamine precipitate into alkali metal salt. After separation, it is neutralized, and then purified by vacuum distillation. Machine oil: lubricating oil of general quality obtained from petroleum lubricating oil fractions through dewaxing, solvent refining and clay treatment. Generally, only antioxidant additives are added. Machine oil is divided into high-speed machine oil and ordinary machine oil, which are respectively used for the lubrication of textile machinery spindles, ordinary machine tools and other general machinery.
